Fix match(col, '^…') index analysis with escaped metacharacters to avoid wrong results and crashes

Changelog category (leave one):

• Bug Fix (user-visible misbehavior in an official stable release)

Changelog entry (a user-readable short description of the changes that goes to CHANGELOG.md):

Fixed incorrect query results and out-of-memory crashes when using match(column, '^…') with backslash-escaped characters (ClickHouse#79969 by @filimonov).

CI/CD Options

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Regression jobs to run:

• Fast suites (mostly <1h)
• Aggregate Functions (2h)
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• Benchmark (30m)
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